Describe the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter

Objective 1 – Describe the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter
1. Which of the following is a living subunit of human beings?
a. cells
b. atoms
c. metabolism
d. homeostasis
e. The term “the molecules of life” refers to
f. molecules that contain carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
g. the four major classes of molecules present in living organisms
h. organic molecules
i. molecules that can convert a substance from non-living to living
2. Which of the following is considered to be a “molecule of life”?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. all of the above
3. You have discovered a new substance. This substance has the following properties: a) it is composed of atoms and chemicals, organized in an orderly fashion, b) it does not contain DNA or cells, and c) there do not appear to be any active chemical reactions in the substance. Which of the following is the best conclusion to make at this time?
a. This substance is not alive.
b. This substance is alive.
c. This substance is party living and partly non-living.
d. This substance is likely to reproduce.
4. Which of the following characteristics would you expect a cell to have?
a. sense and respond to its environment
b. reproduce to create offspring cells
c. use and produce the molecules it needs through chemical reactions
d. all of the above
5. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are all similar in which of the following ways?
a. They contain ions
b. They act as hormones
c. They all have a carbon backbone.
d. They can all be broken down into sugars
Objective 2 – Describe how nature is organized, proceeding from simple to increasingly complex types of organization
1. Which of the following items is the smallest?
a. atom
b. subatomic particle
c. molecule
d. cell
2. Which of the following represents a more complex level of organization than the others?
a. organelles
b. molecules
c. cells
d. atoms
Objective 3 – Explain why a basic understanding of chemistry is important in the study of living things.
1. An understanding of chemistry is important when studying living organisms for which of the following reasons?
a. Living organisms are built from chemical substances.
b. Living organisms use chemical substances to respond to changes in their environment.
c. Living organisms use internal chemical reactions to survive and regulate themselves.
d. all of the above
Objective 4 – Describe the basic structure of an atom.
1. Which of the following subatomic particles is electrically charged?
a. electron
b. neutron
c. proton
d. a and c
2. Generally speaking, which of the following is a true statement?
a. The number of protons = the number of neutrons = the number of electrons.
b. The number of protons + the number of neutrons = the number of electrons.
c. The number of protons + the number of electrons = the number of neutrons.
d. The number of protons – the number of electrons = the number of neutrons.
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. The first electron shell can hold up to 2 electrons.
b. Electrons fill the shells in random order.
c. The second electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons.
d. Electrons fill the shells in a specific order.
Objective 5 – Explain the relationship among subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells
1. Which of the following subatomic particles is located in the atom’s nucleus?
a. electron
b. neutron
c. proton
d. b and c
2. Which of the following are building blocks of molecules?
a. atoms and subatomic particles
b. atoms and cells
c. subatomic particles and cells
d. subatomic particles and organelles
3. Which of the following is the largest and includes the other three?
a. electron
b. atom
c. neutron
d. proton
4. Which of the following groups includes the other three as subgroups?
a. atoms
b. molecules
c. organelles
d. subatomic particles
5. Which of the following is a likely consequence when an atom contains an extra electron?
a. The atom is negatively charged.
b. The atom is much heavier than usual.
c. Another proton is added to balance the electrical charge of the atom.
d. The extra electron is located in the nucleus.
Objective 6 – Describe the role of chemical bonding between atoms to form molecules, and between small molecules to form large molecules.
1. A molecule is formed when
a. multiple atoms are held together by chemical bonds
b. two electrons exist in close association
c. an atom contains more electrons that usual
d. an atom looses an electron
2. A chemical bond
a. holds atoms so close to one another that a new substance is formed
b. holds atoms together to form a larger structure called a molecule
c. holds energy together to form a new substance called atoms
d. a and b
3. A chemical bond is
a. a physical linkage of two atoms
b. an unbreakable union of two atoms
c. the result of energy emitted by radioactive atoms
d. an energetic interaction, or relationship, that occurs between two atoms
4. A covalent bond is
a. the sharing of electrons by two atoms in the same molecule
b. the loss of electrons from two atoms in the same molecule
c. the transfer of electrons from one atom to another in the same molecule
d. an attraction between positive and negative atoms in the same or different molecules
5. Which of the following represents the strongest type of chemical bond?
a. hydrogen
b. covalent
c. ionic
d. radioactive
6. Imagine that a molecule is formed when a chemical bond forms between atom A and atom B. Which if the following is a true statement about the properties of the newly formed molecule?
a. The molecule has completely new properties, which are determined by “combining” the properties of atom A and atom B.
b. The molecule has the same properties as atom A.
c. The molecule has the same properties as atom B.
d. The molecule has completely new properties, unrelated to those of atom A and atom B.

7. Which of the following is a substance?
a. atom
b. molecule
c. chemical bond
d. a and b
Objective 7 – Describe how the four major biological macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) are formed from smaller chemical subunits
1. Which of the following is a building block of carbohydrates?
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. sugars
d. nucleotides
2. Which of the following are covalently bonded together to form lipids?
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. sugars
d. nucleotides
3. Which of the following is the largest and includes the other three?
a. amino acid
b. atom
c. subatomic particle
d. protein
4. Which of the following are covalently bonded together to form DNA?
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. sugars
d. nucleotides
Objective 8 – Describe the role of the four major biological macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) in living organisms
1. Carbohydrates perform which of the following functions in living organisms?
a. store genetic information
b. store energy
c. transport molecules through cell membrane
d. speed up chemical reactions
2. Which of the following functions does the mitochondria perform in cells?
a. controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
b. contains the DNA
c. determines the cell shape
d. generate energy for the cell
3. Which of the following is not a principle of the Cell Theory?
a. Cells come from cells that already exist.
b. Cells are living things.
c. Cells can be created in the lab from the proper mixture of molecules.
d. Living organisms are made up of cells.
4. You are analyzing a cell and it has the following features. It is “microscopic” and we need a microscope to see it. The cell has a complex organization. It has many compartments inside it, one of which contains DNA. Which type of cell are you analyzing?
a. not enough information is available to decide
b. bacteria
c. prokaryotic
d. eukaryotic
5. You are analyzing a cell and it has the following features. It is “microscopic” and we need a microscope to see it. The cell has a complex organization. It has many compartments inside it. One of these compartments contains DNA. In another compartment chemical reactions change light energy into chemical energy. Which word best describes the type of cell you are analyzing?
a. prokaryotic
b. eukaryotic
c. plant
d. animal
6. Which of the following is not true about membranes and cells?
a. They are made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules.
b. They are impenetrable barriers on the outside of the cell.
c. They define the boundary between the cell and its external environment.
d. They define the boundary between an organelle and the cytoplasm.

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