How to Maintain Professionalism Thesis

 

Your thesis does not really identify a claim. Your topic is on the increase in cyber-security attacks, right? Perhaps you can strengthen your thesis statement o make your claim, reason, and position on the issue stand out. Since this is a letter, you can maintain professionalism while making your voice heard.

 

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Public Lands Management Thesis

Homework #3 – EVSP331 – Public Lands Management

Multiple Use Management

Question 1. Describe the concept of multiple-use as defined in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976. (20 points) Be sure to cite the sources used to develop your answer.

 

 

Question 2. What are the pros and cons of multiple use of public lands? (20 points)

 

 

Question 3. Summarize the purpose and roles of the Bureau of Land Management in administering public lands. Be sure to use your own words and address major issues. It is important to have a sound understanding of this agency going into the rest of the course, so please demonstrate your knowledge here. (20 points)

 

 

Question 4. Using your own creativity and information you’ve learned in the course, explain how you, as a GIS specialist, could apply GIS technology to managing a multiple-use area with mining and wildlife preservation. There is no specific answer to this question, it is an exercise requiring you to create your own management suggestion. (20 points)

 

 

Question 5. Explain the basic principles of “ecosystem management.” How does this approach differ from multiple-use management? (20 points) Be sure to cite your sources.

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Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?

  1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?
    1. In an effort to address the shortages of nurses with undergraduate and graduate nursing degrees, nursing programs have been measuring student retention, attrition, and graduation rates.
    2. There is a paucity of research regarding the relationship of emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success in the context of nursing students.
    3. The total score of the psychological empowerment scale represents psychological empowerment at that moment in time. This will not necessarily be the same when measured at a different point in time.
    4. Nurse educators need to examine ways to promote student success by improving our current methodologies and practices.

 

  1. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?
  1. Graduate prepared nurses will be needed to replace the large number of retiring faculty in Canada and the United States. In addition, nurse practitioners are needed to help alleviate the family physician shortage.
  2. The current rise in employment is improving forecasts for the future supply of registered nurses; however sizable shortages are still projected for the following decade in the United States.
  3. Many universities and admission departments dedicate substantial time and money for the recruitment and admission of nursing students.
  4. The purpose of the correlational study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success and undergraduate and graduate nursing students.

 

  1. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study’s problem and purpose? (Select all that apply.)
    1. Does it consider ethical principles in its design?
    2. Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?
    3. Does it influence nursing practice?
    4. Does it identify the population to whom they intend to generalize?
    5. Does it promote theory testing or development?
    6. Does it identify extraneous variables?
    7. When considering the feasibility of a study’s problem and purpose, Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?
  2. Funding sources for the study were identified in the article.
  3. The author’s credentials to design and conduct research are fully described.
  4. 100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.
  5. Evidence of protection of the subjects’ rights was mentioned in this article.

 

Questions 5 – 7: Review of the Literature.  (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 6 & 12.)

  1. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):
  2. Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem
  3. Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem
  4. Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built
  5. To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.
  6. Select three MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:
    1. A descriptive correlational design was used. The study was conducted in a private Catholic University.
  7. The current rise in employment is improving forecasts for the future supply of registered nurses; however sizable shortages are still projected for the following decade in the United States.
  8. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success in undergraduate and graduate nursing students.
  9. In an effort to address the shortages of nurses with undergraduate and graduate nursing degrees, nursing programs have been measuring student retention, attrition, and graduation rates.
  10. The nursing profession should be concerned about attrition rates for masters and doctoral nursing students as well. Attrition rates for masters programs range from 10 to 75%.
  11. f. There is a paucity of research regarding the relationship of emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success in the context of nursing students.

 

  1. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (all information included before the “Methods”) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that meet this criteria.   Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL? (HINT-start with the year 2014 as the year published in the journal.)

 

  1. 10
  2. 15
  3. 20
  4. 25

Questions 8 – 10: Study Framework. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 7 & 12)

  1. Which of these statements best describes this study’s research framework?
  2. This study has an implicit framework, which is not fully developed.
  3. The conceptual framework supporting the research is underpinned by social exchange theory and Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy.
  4. The authors developed the study’s conceptual framework based on Watson’s Theory of Caring to describe the concept of caring for the self as a nursing student.

 

  1. What are some of the key concepts in this study’s conceptual framework?
  2. This study does not have any clearly defined concepts within a framework because it has an implicit framework.
  3. Nursing student depression is defined as a psychosocial phenomenon occurring within 12 months of starting in either an undergraduate or graduate program.
  4. The authors clearly identify the concepts of the framework in a map or model.

 

  1. Which one of the statements below is an example of a relational statement from the conceptual framework?
  2. Feelings of psychological empowerment will have an effect on student depression levels
  3. This study does not have any clearly defined relational statements because it has an implicit framework.
  4. Researchers found that managing emotions was positively correlated with academic success.

 

 

Questions 11 – 15:  Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses and research variables. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 5 & 12)

 

  1. The authors state that the research objective, question, or hypothesis was “describe the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success in undergraduate and graduate nursing students” on page 918. This is best described as a
  2. Research objective
  3. Research question
  4. Research hypothesis
  5. None of the above
  6. Which of these would be considered a MAJOR study variable (select all that apply)?
  7. emotional intelligence
  8. psychological empowerment
  9. undergraduate and graduate retention rates
  10. costs of student recruitment
  11. resilience
  12. spiritual-well being
  13. What is the conceptual definition (as defined in the review of the literature) of the following study variable: resilience
  14. The conceptual definition of resilience is not clearly provided in the review of the literature.
  15. The factors that influence nursing academic success need to be better understood.
  16. After students are admitted, they are to be afforded resources that will foster their persistence in the nursing program as well as promote their academic success.
  17. Admissions staff are tasked with the ever more difficult charge of distinguishing applicants who can be successful.

 

  1. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: resilience.
  2. Recruiting qualified applicants is just the beginning step in fostering program completion.
  3. Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
  4. The factors that influence nursing academic success need to be better understood.
  5. The Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS).
  6. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (Select all that apply.)
  7. Age
  8. Education level
  9. Years of nursing experience
  10. Marital status
  11. Admission cut-off criteria
  12. Race

 

Questions 16- 19:  Research Design (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 1, 8, & 12)

  1. Which phrase best describes the research design of this study? (Select the three that apply.)
  2. Descriptive
  3. Correlational
  4. Nonexperimental
  5. Quasi-experimental
  6. Experimental
  7. Mixed methods

 

  1. Which phrase best describes the time element of the research design of this study?
  2. a. Cross-sectional design
  3. Longitudinal design
  4. None of the above

 

  1. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?
  2. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) used in the study may be considered a treatment or intervention.
  3. 516 students were invited to participate in the intervention.
  4. A control group of accounting students were also asked to complete the survey.
  5. This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention.

 

  1. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot study was done prior to conducting this study?  (Hint: look at the words “prior to this study”.)
  2. Yes
  3. No

 

  1. The authors indicate on page 920 of the article that the institutional review board (IRB) authorization was acquired. This indicates than an IRB gave approval to conduct the research. In addition, anonymity and confidentiality was protected.  Per Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following would NOT be considered essential information for informed consent?  (Select all that apply.)

 

  1. a statement of the research purpose and any long-term goals of the study
  2. a copy of the abstract of the article that will be used in the publishing journal.
  3. an explanation of the procedures to be followed in the study
  4. a complete list of references to be used in the study.

 

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Explain four ethical principles that guide decision making associated with patient care. How can leaders use these principles in decision making with a health organization?

All 4 questions need to be answered. Each 250 words or more utilizing reference: Leadership for Health Professionals, Third Edition, Ledlow & Stephens and other references if needed. *PRICING NEGOTIABLE1. What are the strategic direction elements of the strategic plan, what are the other elements of the strategic and operational plan, and what are the different challenges a health leader faces in institutional, resource dependent and contingent environments? What strategies might you suggest the leader could implement for successful outcomes?

2. Explain four ethical principles that guide decision making associated with patient care. How can leaders use these principles in decision making with a health organization?

3. Can you explain the importance of measurement and developing criteria for efficiency, effectiveness, performance, efficacy and quality in health organizations? Why is this important to health leader evaluation?

4. What are the steps, characteristics and behaviors a health leader should take to build relationships with internal and external stakeholders?

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Entrusting Assignments to our Professionals and Experienced Team

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Bipolar disorder Case Study

Assignment: Assessing and Treating Patients with Bipolar Disorder

 

Bipolar disorder is a unique disorder that causes shifts in mood and energy, which results in depression and mania for patients. Proper diagnosis of this disorder is often a challenge for two reasons: 1) patients often present as depressive or manic but may have both, and 2) many symptoms of bipolar disorder are similar to other disorders. Misdiagnosis is common, making it essential for you to have a deep understanding of the disorder’s pathophysiology. For this Assignment, as you examine the patient case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat patients presenting with bipolar disorder.

To prepare for this Assignment:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.

· Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients requiring bipolar therapy.

The Assignment: 5 pages

Examine Case Study: An Asian American Woman. Diagnosis-Bipolar Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.

Introduction to the case (1 page)

· Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision-making when prescribing medication for this patient.

Decision #1 (1 page)

· Which decision did you select?

· Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

· Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #2 (1 page)

· Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

· Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #3 (1 page)

· Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

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Treating Patients with Bipolar Disorder

 

Assignment: Assessing and Treating Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a unique disorder that causes shifts in mood and energy, which results in depression and mania for patients. Proper diagnosis of this disorder is often a challenge for two reasons: 1) patients often present as depressive or manic but may have both, and 2) many symptoms of bipolar disorder are similar to other disorders. Misdiagnosis is common, making it essential for you to have a deep understanding of the disorder’s pathophysiology. For this Assignment, as you examine the patient case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat patients presenting with bipolar disorder.

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Review this week’s Learning      Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.
  • Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients requiring bipolar therapy.

The Assignment: 5 pages

Examine Case Study: An Asian American Woman. Diagnosis-Bipolar Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.

Introduction to the case (1 page)

  • Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision-making when prescribing medication for this patient.

Decision #1 (1 page)

  • Which decision did you select?
  • Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
  • Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources,      including the primary literature.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
  • Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #2 (1 page)

  • Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
  • Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources,      including the primary literature.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
  • Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #3 (1 page)

  • Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
  • Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
  • Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Conclusion (1 page)

  • Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of six academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. You should be utilizing the primary and secondary literature.

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Public perception of infectious diseases

 

Reply to two prompts in 100 words each. No sites are needed, these are just thoughts on the prompts.

(Original prompt for your consideration,

Public perception of infectious diseases is managed and mismanaged through a variety of channels. Sometimes the population may have knowledge of a disease only from seeing a movie. Choose a highly contagious disease. Compare the scientific information about it with how its effects are portrayed/communicated to the public.

Approach this discussion by answering the following questions. When you have the information, compare your answers to how you think the public perceives the contagious disease.

  • What are the symptoms, and what causes them?
  • How has it been studied?
  • What are the defenses that enable it to survive and spread?
  • How can immunity be established? )

Prompt 1:  For this exercise, I have elected to speak of mumps. Before the United States started the mump vaccine program in 1967, about 186,000 cases were reported each year. It can be fatal; however, its occurrence is exceptionally rare. It has been known to cause testicular inflammation, swollen ovaries, viral meningitis, pancreatitis, permanent deafness in children, and occasionally, encephalitis.

It is a highly contagious viral infection that can be transmitted by droplets or contact, much like the cold and flu. Its average incubation period is 17 days. While swelling of the parotid (salivary) glands which produces the cheeks to puff out, along with pain, tenderness, and difficulty swallowing are its most common symptoms, some of its more generalized symptoms include headache, joint pain, dry mouth, and a temperature of or above 38 degrees Celsius.

The first written description of the mumps dates as far back, as the 5th century B.C. when Hippocrates described an outbreak on the Greek island of Thasos. While various studies had been carried out through the 19th and 20th centuries the viral etiology of mumps was finally discovered by Claud D. Johnson and Ernest W. Goodpasture in 1934 when they concluded that Rhesus monkeys infected with a virus found in specimens of saliva from patients exhibiting the initial stages of mumps, went on to contract the disease themselves. In 1945 the virus was first isolated, allowing for an inactivated vaccine to be developed in 1948.

Unfortunately, this vaccine had short-term effectiveness, it was not until 1967 when the FDA licensed Mumpsvax, a vaccine developed by Maurice Hilleman. Thus far, true immunity has not been established. Interestingly, many believe that by receiving the vaccine they are immune to the virus, when, having received the mumps vaccine is no guarantee that you will not contract the mumps. Perhaps, there is not enough literature explaining the disease and the vaccine. Then again, it may be due to our own disinterest which enables it to survive and spread.

Prompt 2:

I will be discussing the 2009 H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak. I was watching a documentary about this outbreak the other day and thought it would be an interesting topic, especially we are going through another outbreak.

The symptoms of H1N1 are similar to symptoms of COVID or seasonal flu such as fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, body aches, chills, and fatigue. H1N1 is a strain of an influenza virus that originated in pigs but it is now getting spread from person to person. It is being transmitted through a droplet, which means staying away from people who are coughing and sneezing. It has been studied by examining the blood and mucous sample of patients. Since this is a strain of influenza, they already have a background of other strains.

When pigs become simultaneously infected with more than one virus, the viruses can swap genes, producing new variants which can transfer to humans and get spread human to human. The viruses were able to link, mutate then form new strains that had variable immunity due to coinfection with the influenza virus from multiple animal species. Even though it had originated in pigs, it was able to spread to humans. When the flu spreads to humans, there can be further mutations that make it harder to treat since we do not have natural immunity.

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Infection Control-Training Healthcare

 

Instructions

Create a PowerPoint® presentation to explain the new infection control and training program you will implement in your healthcare facility. The plan should include guidelines, information, and procedures for providing optimal infection control practices.

The training program should be described and your plan to implement and monitor the success of the program. The program and training should highlight current best practices and demonstrate how the new program will adhere to state and national rules and regulations in place for healthcare facility infection control.

The PowerPoint® should be easy to understand and include charts, graphs, pictures, and/or animations to visually depict the points you are making in the presentation. You should draft explicit notes in paragraph form to expand on the points you are making on each slide.

The slide content and notes sections should be professional, well organized, and logical to support your viewpoints and purpose clearly to your viewer/reader. The presentation should include at least 15 slides and include at least three (3) references properly cited using APA and a reference slide at the end of the presentation.

Requirements

The writer visually depicts a clear and easy-to-understand infection control and training for the healthcare facility that adheres to rules and regulations for the industry.

The writer visually depicts how individuals or groups can impact this process and their role in the process.

The writer visually depicts how the program and training will impact the facility and how success is monitored and measured.

Please be sure to review the various Academic Tools to assist you with meeting APA expectations for written Assignments.

Submitting Your Work

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Discuss what are the steps to Evidence Based Practice?

Please I need all the answers with Rationales.

Midterm Examination: Due June 12, 2018

All the questions must be answered and justified. Total points=35 (15% of the grade) Name the file with your last name before attaching to Black Board

1. Discuss the Nursing Barriers to Evidence Based Practice?

2. Discuss what are the steps to Evidence Based Practice?

3. What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession? A) Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice. B) Document the role that nurses serve in society. C) Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses’ decisions and actions. D) Establish nursing research areas of study.

4. The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice? A) Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions B) Theoretical problem-solving strategy C) Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise D) Emphasis on decision making based on custom

5. Which topic most closely conforms to the priorities that have been suggested for future nursing research? A) Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking. B) Promotion of excellence in nursing science. C) Nursing staff morale and turnover. D) Number of doctorate prepared nurses in various clinical specialties.

6. What is the overall plan for answering the research question? A) Sampling plan B) Proposal C) Problem statement D) Research design

7. Evidence-based practice typically involves weighing various types of evidence in an effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle? A) Randomized controlled trials B) Program evaluations C) Clinical practice guidelines D) Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials

8. A RN is putting research into practice. What step of the process is involved with the validity of study findings? A) Framing an answerable clinical question B) Searching for relevant research evidence C) Appraising the evidence D) Integrating evidence with other factors

9. What is the purpose of an operational definition in a quantitative study? A) State the theoretical meaning of the concept. B) Specify how a variable will be defined and measured. C) State the expected relationship between the variables under investigation. D) Designate the conceptual underpinnings of the variable.

10. The nurse researcher knows that samples and sampling plans vary in quality. What is a key consideration in assessing a sample in a quantitative study? A) Representativeness B) Probability C) Non-probability D) Strata

11. Researchers communicate their aims as problem statements, statements of purpose, research questions, or hypotheses. What is the statement of purpose? A) Summarizes the overall study goal. B) Specific query researchers want to answer in addressing the research problem. C) Articulate the nature, context, and significance of the problem. D) Statement of predicted relationships between two or more variables.

12. What is a primary source for a research literature review? A) A description of a study written by researchers who did the study B) A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest C) A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic D) Any journal article on a topic of interest

13. What is a secondary source for a research literature review? A) A description of a study written by researchers who did the study B) A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest C) A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic D) A description of the study by an individual unconnected with it

14. Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a quantitative research report, what section of the report would a review of prior research on the problem under study be located? A) Introduction B) Methods C) Results D) Discussion

15. Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a research report, what section of the report would limitations of the study be located? A) Introduction B) Methods C) Results D) Discussion

16. The Belmont Report articulated broad principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based. Which is not considered an ethical principle for protecting study participants in the report? A) Beneficence B) Respect for human dignity C) Informed consent D) Justice

17. How can confidentiality of study participants be increased? A) Avoiding the collection of any identifying information B) Avoiding introducing the participants to any of the research personnel C) Placing all identifying information on computer files rather than in manual files D) Placing all identifying information on manual files rather than in computer files

18. The researcher wants to explore the extent to which quantitative findings can be applied to other groups and settings. What is this called? A) Reflexivity B) Generalizability C) Thick description

19. What type of research design involves an experimental intervention but no randomization and supports causal inferences? A) Quasi-experimental B) Crossover C) Factorial D) Experimental

20. The nurse researcher wants to use a probability sample in the research study. Which is an example of a probability sampling method? A) Convenience B) Cluster C) Purposive D) Quota

21. What is considered an advantage of a meta-analysis? A) Use for broad research questions B) Use for substantial inconsistency of findings C) Subjectivity D) Enhanced power

22. There is no consensus on whether systematic reviews should include the grey literature. What is grey literature? A) Published in a non-peer review journal B) Published in a peer review journal C) Published report D) Unpublished report

23. What is a publication bias? A) Stems from over representation of significant findings in the published literature B) Stems from underrepresentation of significant findings in the published literature C) Stems from over representation of non significant findings in the published literature D) Stems from underrepresentation of non significant findings in the published literature

24. Discuss the types of questions for Evidence Based Practice? Give example.

25. Grading the strength of a body of evidence addresses three domains. What are these domains?

26. Please read the following case study and answer the questions below:

Mike was caring for a 30 year old woman who just delivered her first infant by emergency Cesarean birth. The mother was unhappy because she believed she would have to deliver subsequent children by cesarean birth. She asked Mike about the risks of birth complications with vaginal birth after cesarean. Mike decided to look for the best possible evidence to answer her question.

A. Is Mike engaging in an “Research Utilization” or an “Evidence Based Practice” effort?

B. In searching for evidence, Mike would need to ask a well-worded clinical question that would include identifying the population. What would be the population?

C. Mike’s clinical question would identify an intervention or exposure. What would that be? 27. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on the difference between research and problem solving. Which statement by one of the students indicates that teaching has been effective? A. “Research is specific to a given situation.” B. “Research is designed for immediate action.” C. “Problem-solving is generalizable.” D. “Research deals with long-term solutions.”

For the following 2 questions, indicate if the statement is true or false: 28. Evidence-based Practice (EBP) is an approach to the delivery of health care that “integrates the best evidence from [research] studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values.” [True] [False]

29. Meta-analysis is multiple research studies on a specific topic are reviewed and findings of these studies are statistically analyzed [True] [False]

30. A systematic review is a compilation of like studies to address a specific clinical question using a detailed, comprehensive search strategy and rigorous appraisal methods for the purpose of summarizing and communicating the results and implications of contradictory results or otherwise unmanageable quantities of research. [True] [False] 31. A nurse is putting research into practice. What is the first step that should be considered in the process? A) Framing an answerable clinical question B) Searching for relevant research evidence C) Appraising and synthesizing the evidence D) Integrating evidence with other factors

32. What is included in the methods section of a study? A) Review of the literature. B) Names of the statistical tests that are going to be used. C) Strategies used to address the problem. D) Discussion including recommendations for the research.

33. What is a research problem? A) Situation involving an enigmatic or disturbing situation amenable to disciplined inquiry B) Articulation of the problem and description of the need for a study through the development of an argument C) Specific queries researchers want to answer in addressing the problem D) Specific accomplishments that will be achieved by conducting the study

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