roles of Medicare-Medicaid managed care

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duetime

Write a three- to five-page double-spaced paper:

• Distinguish the roles of Medicare and Medicaid managed care plans in the healthcare delivery system.

• Assess the similarities and differences between Medicare and Medicaid managed care plans by comparing (a) strengths, weaknesses, and incentives; (b) commitment to access; and (c) risks to the consumers.

• Synthesize two recommendations for improvement, including your justification, of each managed care plan. (You should have a  total of four recommendations for both Medicare and Medicaid managed care plans.)

The Medicare/Medicaid Managed Care Plans assignment:

• Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length…

• Must use at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed, and/or other credible sources published in the past five years….

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Knowledge Assessment Thesis

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HCA 542, Knowledge Assessment/

 

Do not exceed more than one page, double spaced, per question.

This knowledge assessment is not timed and you have full access to your book and notes; therefore, it is expected that your answers will be detailed, insightful, of academic merit and with minimal spelling/grammar/format mistakes.

Both questions require utilization of sources. Be sure to properly cite within your text and then list references for any sources you utilize, in APA format.

1. Summarize, in your own words while also referencing to any sources you utilize, the predicted impact globalization will have on future healthcare personnel in the United States.

 

This assessment can include current vs future supply/demands, be focused on specific personnel or be described in broad terms, education needs, cultural barriers, rural vs urban areas, age of workforce, training opportunities, awareness, etc. Utilize chapter 3 in your book if you need additional ideas.

 

 

2. Find (Google Scholar, WKU libraries, etc) a minimum of two (2) current articles that discuss diversity in health care organizations. Specifically, look for those that address cultural competence and self awareness.

 

After reviewing your articles, answer the following:

a. What does “cultural competence” mean to you? Explain.

b. What does “self-awareness” meant to you? Explain.

c. As a leader, what is or will be your role and responsibilities tied to cultural competence and self-awareness as it relates to employees, patients and visitors? And, why are both important? Explain.

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concept of a patient healthcare

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Before beginning work on this discussion forum, please review the link “Doing Discussion Questions Right” the expanded grading rubric for the forum, and any specific instructions for this topic.

Before the end of the week, begin commenting on at least two of your classmates’ responses. You can ask technical questions or respond generally to the overall experience. Be objective, clear, and concise. Always use constructive language, even in criticism, to work toward the goal of positive progress. Submit your responses in the Discussion Area

As healthcare has evolved so has the concept of a patient or consumer of healthcare. Technology and culture are among the many variables that have affected our concept of a healthcare patient. Consider these items among the others noted in your text:

  • What has most influenced the way you view yourself as a consumer of healthcare?
  • What factors led to the redefinition of the patient as a consumer in the late twentieth century?

To support your work, use your course and textbook readings and also use the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.

Your initial posting should be addressed at 150-300 words. Submit your document to this Discussion Area by due date assigned. Be sure to cite your sources using APA format.

Respond to your peers throughout the week. Justify your answers with examples, research, and reasoning. Follow up posts need to be submitted by the end of week.

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analysis of glycan immunogenicity

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Home>Biology homework help>critical review

 

Resource

Deep-Learning Resources for Studying Glycan-

Mediated Host-Microbe Interactions 

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

d Glycan-focused language models can be used for sequence-

to-function models

d Information in glycans predicts immunogenicity,

pathogenicity, and taxonomic origin

d Glycan alignments shed light on bacterial virulence

Bojar et al., 2021, Cell Host & Microbe 29, 132–144 January 13, 2021, ª 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier In https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.10.004

Authors

Daniel Bojar, Rani K. Powers,

Diogo M. Camacho, James J. Collins

Correspondence diogo.camacho@wyss.harvard.edu (D.M.C.), jimjc@mit.edu (J.J.C.)

In Brief

Bojar et al. present a workflow that

combines machine learning and

bioinformatics techniques to analyze the

the prominent role of glycans in host-microbe

interactions. The herein developed

glycan-focused language models and

alignments allow for the prediction and

analysis of glycan immunogenicity,

association with pathogenicity, and

taxonomic classification.

c. ll

 

 

OPEN ACCESS

ll 

Resource

Deep-Learning Resources for Studying Glycan-Mediated Host-Microbe Interactions Daniel Bojar,1,2 Rani K. Powers,1,2 Diogo M. Camacho,1,4,* and James J. Collins1,2,3,4,5,* 1Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA 2Department of Biological Engineering and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,

MA 02139, USA 3Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 4These authors contributed equally 5Lead Contact

*Correspondence: diogo.camacho@wyss.harvard.edu (D.M.C.), jimjc@mit.edu (J.J.C.)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.10.004

SUMMARY

Glycans, the most diverse biopolymer, are shaped by evolutionary pressures stemming from host-microbe interactions. Here, we present machine learning and bioinformatics methods to leverage the evolutionary in- formation present in glycans to gain insights into how pathogens and commensals interact with hosts. By using techniques from natural language processing, we develop deep-learning models for glycans that are trained on a curated dataset of 19,299 unique glycans and can be used to study and predict glycan functions. We show that these models can be utilized to predict glycan immunogenicity and the pathogenicity of bac- terial strains, as well as investigate glycan-mediated immune evasion via molecular mimicry. We also develop glycan-alignment methods and use these to analyze virulence-determining glycan motifs in the capsular polysaccharides of bacterial pathogens. These resources enable one to identify and study glycan motifs involved in immunogenicity, pathogenicity, molecular mimicry, and immune evasion, expanding our under- standing of host-microbe interactions.

INTRODUCTION

In contrast to RNA and proteins, whose sequences can be eluci-

dated from their associated DNA sequence, glycans are the only

biopolymer outside the rules of the central dogma of molecular

biology. Although glycans are synthesized by DNA-encoded en-

zymes (Lairson et al., 2008), an individual glycan sequence is

dependent on the interplay between multiple enzymes and

cellular conditions. Additionally, the expansive glycan alphabet

of hundreds of different monosaccharides allows for a large

number of potential oligosaccharides, built with different mono-

saccharides, lengths, connectivity, and branching. Glycans are

present as modifications on all other biopolymers (Varki, 2017),

exerting varying effects on biomolecules, including stabilization

and modulation of their functionality (Dekkers et al., 2017; Solá

and Griebenow, 2009). Apart from influencing the function of in-

dividual proteins, glycans are also crucial for cell-cell contact in

the case of glycan-glycan interactions during the attachment of

pathogenic bacteria to host cells (Day et al., 2015), and they

mediate essential developmental processes such as nervous

system development (Haltiwanger and Lowe, 2004). Recently,

Lauc et al. hypothesized that the plethora of available glycoforms

and their plasticity facilitated the evolution of complex multicel-

lular lifeforms (Lauc et al., 2014), reasoning that is supported

by the essential roles of glycans in developmental processes

132 Cell Host & Microbe 29, 132–144, January 13, 2021 ª 2020 The This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://

and cell-cell communication and emphasizes the evolutionary

information in glycans.

Because glycans make up the outermost layer of both eukary-

otic and prokaryotic cells, cross-kingdom interactions will

necessarily involve these molecules (Day et al., 2015). The prom-

inent role of glycans in host-pathogen interactions (Varki, 2017)

has resulted in evolutionary pressures and opportunities on

both sides of the interaction—natural selection can modify

host glycan receptors used by pathogens without losing their

functionalities, whereas pathogens and commensals need to

alter their glycans to evade the host immune system. These inter-

actions provide a window into understanding glycan-mediated

host-microbe relationships. Glycans display great phenotypic

variability: sequences can be changed depending on environ-

mental conditions, such as the level of extracellular metabolites

(Park et al., 2017), without the need for genetic mutations, poten-

tially facilitating rapid responses to changes in host-microbe

relationships.

Given the aforementioned glycan-mediated host-microbe in-

teractions, glycans could provide insights into pathogenicity

and commensalism determinants, as, for instance, molecular

mimicry of host glycans by both pathogens and commensals fa-

cilitates their immune evasion (Carlin et al., 2009; Varki and Gag-

neux, 2015). Additional therapeutic potential is enabled by the

widespread usage of glycans by viruses for cell adhesion and

Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 

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humans interfering with food webs

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BIObiology

Populations are always changing. Sometimes changes are the result of humans interfering with food webs or habitats. But even when humans do not interfere, populations will still naturally shift up and down or fluctuate. For example, let us study the relationship between the Canada lynx and its primary prey, the snowshoe hare.

Answer the following questions that are on the doc named: “4ecHare and Lynx Populations”

Answer thoroughly with a couple of sentences or words.

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geographic location and date of flood

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 Conduct research to find an example of a specific case of flooding anywhere in the world.  It can be a historical flood or something recent.  It can be a catastrophic level flood or a more minor one. Title your post with the geographic location and date of the flood.  Include at least one embedded image of the location or other relevant picture.  Do NOT use the same flooding example as another student.  Give us a rundown of what caused the flood and how the flood occurred.  Be sure to provide details on the local impacts of the flood both to people & property but specifically to the environment.  If you are talking about a historic flood, be sure to cover any long terms impacts that event have had in the area.

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geographic location and date of flood

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 Conduct research to find an example of a specific case of flooding anywhere in the world.  It can be a historical flood or something recent.  It can be a catastrophic level flood or a more minor one. Title your post with the geographic location and date of the flood.  Include at least one embedded image of the location or other relevant picture.  Do NOT use the same flooding example as another student.  Give us a rundown of what caused the flood and how the flood occurred.  Be sure to provide details on the local impacts of the flood both to people & property but specifically to the environment.  If you are talking about a historic flood, be sure to cover any long terms impacts that event have had in the area.

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Intersection of Public-Mental Health

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Choose one of the following two assignments to complete this week. Do not do both assignments. Identify your assignment choice in the title of your submission.

Option #1: Case Review: Intersection of Public Health and Mental Health: Meeting Family Needs

In this assignment, you will review the case discussing the intersection of public health and mental health found in Chapter 3 of Public Health Ethics (pp. 74-79).

In approximately two pages, your paper should address the following (be sure to address all five points):

· What elements of broad strategic thinking do you see demonstrated?

· What aspects of social development are addressed?

· What evidence of healthy public policy do you see or not see from government involvement?

· Do you see evidence of systems development for health or social policy and related programming? (Example: Developing community-based programs to reach individuals outside of typical settings)

· What information stood out most to you from this case study that you might be able to apply in your local community?

Instructions:

· Write a 2-3-page paper or from 500-750 words, not including the title and reference pages, which are required.

· The paper must be formatted correctly using APA style. Remember, all research material used in your paper must be paraphrased and include an in-text citation.

· Your paper must be properly cited and formatted

· This is an individual paper, however, you should reflect on our Discussion Forums and incorporate ideas from there, as appropriate.

· Be sure you utilize your text appropriately as a reference and cite at least one other credible external reference such as a website or journal article to support your proposed resolution of the case.

· Your external sources can be trade publications (Links to an external site.) , government information, newspaper articles, or scholarly or

·

· Option #2: Case Review: Public-Private Partnerships: Role of Corporate Sponsorship in Public Health

In this assignment, you will review the case discussing the role of corporations in public health found in Chapter 3 of Public Health Ethics (pp 80-83).

In approximately two pages, your paper should address the following (be sure to address all five points):

· What elements of broad strategic thinking do you see demonstrated?

· What aspects of social development are addressed?

· What evidence of healthy public policy do you see or not see from corporate involvement?

· Do you see evidence of systems development for health or social policy and related programming? (Example: Developing community-based programs to reach individuals outside of typical settings)

· What information stood out most to you from this case study that you might be able to apply in your local community?

Instructions:

· Write a 2-3-page paper or from 500-750 words, not including the title and reference pages, which are required.

· The paper must be formatted correctly using APA style. Remember, all research material used in your paper must be paraphrased and include an in-text citation.

· Your paper must be properly cited and formatted

· This is an individual paper, however, you should reflect on our Discussion Forums and incorporate ideas from there, as appropriate.

· Be sure you utilize your text appropriately as a reference and cite at least one other credible external reference such as a website or journal article to support your proposed resolution of the case.

· Your external sources can be trade publications (Links to an external site.) , government information, newspaper articles, or scholarly or peer-review (Links to an external site.)  journal articles journal articles.

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Philosophical And Ethical Foundation

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Home>Biology homework help>Philosophical and Ethical Foundation

Your Project for this class is a community action plan designed to alleviate or correct a public health issue in your community. Your community can be any of the following areas: your community of residence, your business, your school, your community of birth, or former communities you lived. Consider the philosophical and ethical foundations of public health presented in Chapters 1 and 2 of Public Health Ethics and how your community’s issues compare to the authors’ presentation of global public health issues all communities face.

This week, for your assignment, tell us the public health issue and the community you are considering using for your Project.

In your paper, discuss your public health idea. Incorporate at least two references from a newspaper, trade magazine, website, or peer-reviewed journal that speak to the public health issue you have selected.

One reference must tell about the specific public health problem in the community you have chosen to examine.

The second reference must offer up a potential solution to the type of public health issue you have identified (it does not need to refer to your specific issue in the community you are working on).

Discuss any ethical, moral, or political responsibility, as described in Chapters 1 and 2 of Public Health Ethics, that you feel your community has to address.

 

350-450 words excluding references, APA format and a minimum of 3 references

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classes of biological molecules thesis

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Human Biology Lab 2 Name___________________

 

Pre-Lab Questions

Question 1:

The four main classes of biological molecules fill in the monomer.

Molecule Name Monomer, if applicable
Carbohydrates  
Lipids  
Proteins (polypeptides)  
Nucleic Acids  

 

Question 2:

Based on what you know about these foods, which biological compound(s) (of the ones we are testing for) do you hypothesize will be present (lipids, starch, sugar, and/or protein)?

Onion?

Rice?

White grape juice?

Egg white?

 

INTRODUCTION:

During the following experiment you will be conducting two different types of tests, testing for lipids and a type of carbohydrates, starch. These tests will determine the compounds present in four different unknowns. You will be selecting these unknowns from your own pantry or fridge. You test or will be given the results of a known positive control and a negative control. A positive control is a known strong positive result for the macromolecule being tested. If the unknown solutions look like the positive control result, then that unknown solution is positive for that macromolecule. A negative control is a known negative result for the macromolecule being tested. If the unknown solution looks like the negative control result, then the unknown solution is negative for that macromolecule.

 

When selecting the foods or drinks you will test, keep in mind the first test, Testing for Lipids, you need the solutions to be liquid and light in color, if too dark it will be hard to tell the results. Some ideas for solutions to test are, juice (from the bottle or you could juice from the fruit), milk, milk alternative, coffee creamer, light colored soup broth, beaten up egg white, or another item you have on hand. For the Testing for Starch test you can use the same solutions used in the other test or you could select solid food options as well. Some ideas for the second test other than listed above are, bread, cereal, crackers, fruit, vegetables, or another food source you have on hand. You will be looking for a color change for when testing for starch so make sure the selected is light in color to easily detect the color change.

 

Note you will be using Iodine in this experiment. Iodine can stain so be careful!!!

 

Materials:

*You need to go buy these materials if you do not have them at home.

Iodine Solution (Povidone Iodine)

Paper Towels

Cooking oil (Vegetable, olive oil, canola, or real butter melted.)

Water (Tap or Bottled)

4 – 8 selected foods and/or drinks to test

Plates and/or cups

 

Testing for Lipids:

1. Label six sections of a paper towel with the following: “water,” “oil,” and label spots for your selected 4 solutions. The negative control for this test is water, and the positive control is cooking oil. The selected solutions HAVE to be liquids!

2. Place a few drops of each liquid to be tested on the paper towel next to the corresponding labels. Trying your best to add the same amount of each solution to its corresponding spot.

3. Place the paper towel aside to let dry for 30 minutes. Can continue onto the next experiment while waiting.

4. After the spots have dried, hold the paper towel up to a light to see if you spot a translucent spot where the drops of solution were.

5. Analyze and record the results. Label your table with your selected solutions. A translucent spot indicates the presence of lipids. Dispose the paper towel in the regular trash.

Testing for Starch:

1. See the picture below to see the results from the positive and negative controls for the starch test. The negative control is water and the positive control was a starch solution. Note that Iodine will be used in this part of the lab this solution can stain so be careful and use disposable or old plates/cups to avoid staining sadness.

2. You will select 4 foods or drinks to test to see if they have a presence of starch. These DON’T have to be the same as in the lipid test but can be.

3. If testing solid foods, place a small chunk of food on a plate (YOU CAN NOT PLACE THE FOOD ON PAPER TOWEL IT WILL MESS WITH THE RESULTS because starch is present in paper towels). If testing a liquid, cover the bottom of a cup with the liquid solution.

4. Place a few drops of Iodine on or in the substance you are testing. If the substance turns black in color once the iodine is added that is a positive result for starch.

5. Analyze and record the results. Label your selected substance on the table. For Disposal: Pour the liquid down the drain and rinse with water. Throw out the solid food in trash. Make sure to wash hands after dealing with Iodine.

 

For each test you will prepare negative and positive controls in order to compare your unknown substance results and check to make sure the tests are working properly. The negative control for each test will be distilled water, while the positive will vary depending on the test that you run. It is advisable that you run an entire test at once, so that you do not wait too long between running a test and comparing your results, which could result in degradation of the result. Be sure to label each test tube before running your experiments and shake the extracts before each test.

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